Siwaratrikalpa (Lubdhaka)

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Title of Work
Siwaratrikalpa (Lubdhaka)
Type
⧼IdentificationMap-Kakawin⧽
Photo Reference
Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Provinsi Bali
Location
Credit
Mpu Tanakung
Reference
Teeuw, A. dan Th.P. Galestin, S.O. Robson, P.J. Worsley, P.J. Zoetmulder, 1969, Siwaratrikalpa of mpu Tanakung. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
Background information
  • Teeuw, A. dan Th.P. Galestin, S.O. Robson, P.J. Worsley, P.J. Zoetmulder, 1969, Siwaratrikalpa of mpu Tanakung. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.


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Summary


In English

Kakawin Siwaratrikalpa is also famous by the name Kakawin Lubdhaka. It was written by Mpu Tanakung in the 14th century. Once upon a time, there was a hunter named Lubdhaka. He lived on the mountain with his wife and children. Every day they lived by hunting. One day, right on the day of phalguni krsna-chessdasi (the 14th day after the full moon, or the day before the new moon in the month of Phalguna), Lubdhaka went to the middle of the forest to hunt. Arriving in the forest, he did not see any animals. Until it was dark, Lubdhaka was still looking for his prey; but got no results.

In the middle of his hunt, Lubdhaka came across a large lake. He rested by the lake, hoping an animal would come to drink there. When the sun had set, Lubdhaka wanted to stay overnight around the lake. Due to fear of wild animals, he then climbed a bilwa tree (a bael tree, different from maja tree) on the bank of the lake. When midnight approached, Lubdhaka got sleepy. Because he was afraid of falling from the top of the tree, he picked the bael leaves one by one to relieve his sleepiness.

Lubdhaka didn't realize that the bilva leaves that he had picked fell on top of a Shivalinga. Time went by, the night had passed. When the sun began to rise on the eastern horizon, Lubdhaka descended from the Bilva tree and immediately returned home. Several years have passed, and Lubdhaka was seriously ill. Even though it had been treated many times, the disease was still incurable; until finally he died.

His spirit was later wanted by Lord Yama (the god of death). Lord Yama then sent his messengers called the kinkara-balas to arrest and punish Lubdhaka in hell for killing many animals during his lifetime. Soon this incident was known by Lord Siva. Because Lubdhaka had accidentally carried out Siwaratri ritual while hunting, Lord Shiva sent the gana troops to free Lubdhaka.

Lubdhaka's spirit liberation efforts led to intense warfare between Yamaraja messengers and the ganas. Finally, the battle was won by the ganas. Lubdhaka’s spirit was later given up from punishment and Lubdhaka found happiness in the heaven due to performing ritual of Siwaratri.

In Balinese

In Indonesian

Kakawin Siwaratrikalpa juga dikenal dengan nama Kakawin Lubdhaka. Kakawin ini ditulis oleh Mpu Tanakung pada abad keempat belas. Dikisahkan seorang pemburu bernama Lubdhaka. Ia hidup disebuah pegunungan bersama anak istrinya. Setiap hari ia hanya hidup dari hasil pemburuannya. Pada suatu hari, tepat pada hari phalguni krsna-caturdasi (hari ke-14 setelah purnama, atau sehari menjelang bulan mati di bulan Phalguna), Lubdhaka pergi ke tengah hutan untuk berburu. Setibanya di hutan, tak seekor binatang pun ditemuinya. Hingga menjelang hari gelap, Lubdhaka masih terus mencari hewan buruannya; akan tetapi tidak mendapatkan hasil.

Di tengah perburuannya, Lubdhaka menjumpai sebuah danau yang cukup luas. Ia pun beristirahat di tepi danau itu dengan harapan ada seekor binatang yang datang untuk meminum air danau tersebut. Ketika matahari telah tenggelam, Lubdhaka berkeinginan untuk menginap di seputar danau itu. Karena takut ada binatang buas menghampiri, Lubdhaka lalu memanjat pohon bilwa (pohon bila, berbeda dengan pohon maja) yang berada di tepi danau. Ketika tengah malam, Lubdhaka mulai mengantuk. Lantaran takut terjatuh dari atas pohon, maka Lubdhaka memetik daun bilwa satu per satu sebagai penghilang rasa kantuknya.

Tanpa disadari oleh Lubdhaka, daun bilva yang dipetik Lubdhaka tepat jatuh di atas sebuah lingga Siwa. Tak terasa waktu berjalan, malam pun telah terlewati. Ketika matahari mulai terbit di ufuk timur, Lubdhaka turun dari pohon Bilva dan segera pulang ke rumah. Beberapa tahun telah terlewati, diceritakan Si Lubdhaka terkena penyakit parah. Meskipun telah diobati berulang kali, namun penyakitnya tetap tidak dapat disembuhkan; hingga akhirnya Lubdhaka meninggal dunia.

Roh Lubdhaka yang telah meninggal kemudian diketahui oleh Dewa Yama (dewa kematian). Dewa Yama lalu mengutus anak buahnya yang disebut para kinkara-bala untuk menangkap dan memberikan hukuman kepada Lubdhaka karena telah membunuh banyak hewan semasa hidupnya. Tak lama kemudian, kejadian ini diketahui oleh Dewa Çiva. Karena Lubdhaka tanpa sengaja telah melaksanakan Brata Siwaratri pada saat berburu, Dewa Siwa pun mengutus para gana untuk membebaskan Lubdhaka.

Usaha pembebasan roh Lubdhaka menimbulkan peperangan hebat antara para pesuruh Yamaraja dan para gana. Akhirnya, peperangan tersebut dimenangkan oleh para gana. Roh Lubdhaka kemudian dibebaskan dari hukuman dan Lubdhaka memperoleh kebahagian di svargaloka berkat Brata Siwaratri.

Text Excerpt


Bahasa Kawi/Kuno

nahan tambayaning kata talinganen de sang widagdeng lango, sambaddanya hana ng nisada winuwus kyatya ngaran Lubdhaka, sthity angher ing pucak nikang hacala soba atyanta ramya alango, nora ng sangsaya kewala asukha-sukha n liwat swabharya atmaja. (Chapter 2 Verse 1) nghulun laki mapinta-pinta ri wikangku gati sasak i kahyun i nghulun, ikang makangaran si Lubdhaka hayo pinarikede tekapta hambilen, apan paramadharmika atisaya punya sukreta mamangun bratadika, ya teka karanangku amrih umalap riya pangutus ikang watek Gana (Chapter 34 Verse 2)

In English

This is a story worthy of hearing for wise writers. The story is about a very famous hunter named Lubdhaka. He lived on top of a mountain which is very beautiful and enchanting. He never worried, always happy with his wife and children (Chapter 2 Verse 1) I ask you only this one spirit; whose name is Lubdhaka. Do not take him because he has performed austerity and great asceticism. That's why I ordered the Ganabala warriors to take him from you (Chapter 34 Verse 2).

In Balinese

In Indonesian

Inilah sebuah cerita patut didengar oleh para penulis yang bijaksana. Kisahnya tentang seorang pemburu yang sangat terkenal bernama Lubdhaka. Dia tinggal di puncak gunung yang sangat indah dan memesona. Dia tidak pernah risau, selalu bersenang-senang bersama istri dan anak-anaknya (Bab 2 Sloka 1). Aku minta kepadamu hanya satu roh ini; yang bernama Lubdhaka. Janganlah e n g k a u b e r s i k e r a s mengambilnya karena ia telah melaksanakan pertapaan luhur dan utama. Karena itu aku memerintahkan prajurit Ganabala untuk mengambilnya darimu (Bab 34 Sloka 2).

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