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Women of the Kakawin World is a historical study of the experiences of women, in particular royal women and their associates, in the courts of pre-Islamic Java and early modern Bali. Creese draws upon her background in philology to examine the corpus of epic kakawin (poems written in Old Javanese in verse) that were composed in those courtly centers over a millennium, as they provide rich insights about the lives of women that are not available from other sources. With its interest in the representations of women, the book makes a valuable contribution to gender studies in Indonesia, the more so since it is focused heavily on the contemporary period. It is also an important study of the social institutions of courtship and marriage. Finally, although this is not the book's main intention, it contributes to knowledge of the kakawin genre by analyzing kakawin from a new perspective.
Full review is available in: https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/54386 +
The problems faced in the last seven years is how some public places in Bali, one of that is Balangan beach area of Badung Bali has happened commodification practice space since the existence of photo pre wedding phenomenon. How the natural space in the area is commercialized and raises complex problems in it. The purpose of this article is to know more deeply what causes the practice of commodification in the Balangan beach area and the impact of any commodity practices. Sources of data obtained through qualitative methods include observation and interviews, and analyze it by using critical theory such as commodity theory covers the production, distribution, and consumption, and then linked with the concept of human ecology. Based on the results of the analysis, the practice of commodification in the phenomenon of photo pre wedding in Bali, especially in the area of Balangan occurs because influenced by several factors, among others, the community considers pre wedding photos as something exclusive, and worth the additional cost, employment backgrounds of local people who are still in category lower middle and region that mostly controlled by foreign investors caused the economic gap between outsiders and insiders in commodification area of Balangan beach. The problems are not only marginalized communities, especially communities around the region also poorly managed systems include the management of informal and controlled by foreign investors. +
Grounded in ethnographic and archival research on the Indonesian island of Bali, More Than Words challenges conventional understandings of textuality and writing as they pertain to the religious traditions of Southeast Asia. Through a nuanced study of Balinese script as employed in rites of healing, sorcery, and self-defense, Richard Fox explores the aims and desires embodied in the production and use of palm-leaf manuscripts, amulets, and other inscribed objects.
Balinese often attribute both life and independent volition to manuscripts and copperplate inscriptions, presenting them with elaborate offerings. Commonly addressed with personal honorifics, these script-bearing objects may become partners with humans and other sentient beings in relations of exchange and mutual obligation. The question is how such practices of "the living letter" may be related to more recently emergent conceptions of writing—linked to academic philology, reform Hinduism, and local politics—which take Balinese letters to be a symbol of cultural heritage, and a neutral medium for the transmission of textual meaning. More than Words shows how Balinese practices of apotropaic writing—on palm-leaves, amulets, and bodies—challenge these notions, and yet coexist alongside them. Reflecting on this coexistence, Fox develops a theoretical approach to writing centered on the premise that such contradictory sensibilities hold wider significance than previously recognized for the history and practice of religion in Southeast Asia and beyond. +
Balinese forms of social organization, collective labor and solidarity are gradually being transformed – and often displaced – by new social institutions and their attendant ideals, desires and pleasures. The rise of the nuclear family, as a new social ideal and institution, is one the more important developments in this connection. This essay examines rival conceptions of the family, and of household economy, that underpinned a debate that took place in a southerly Balinese ward over the provision of neighborly assistance during six-monthly odalan ceremonies. The analysis provides insight into how social and cultural transformation is understood and experienced at the level of day-to-day life. +
Batuan Interactive, is a multi-modal website intended to widen access to and provide an engagement with the Mead/Bateson collection of paintings and their legacy while amplifying the voices of Balinese painters and visually connecting the artwork to ongoing ethnographic explorations of Bali. +
This study aims to overview the existence of women in Badung Regency who work in the Spa industry and find out the economic, social and cultural roles and implications who work in the Spa industry. This study uses quantitative and qualitative data. The technique of data collection is done through informant interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The results showed overall of 20 spa therapists 85 percent had revealed that they experienced an increase in quality of life after working in the spa industry. Balinese women in the Spa industry have strength in terms of friendly, smiling, honest attitude and high work skills. Its weaknesses include lower English language skills, low motivation to occupy positions, lack of confidence, lack of competency certification. The job opportunity is very high, Bali's tourism potential, Spa is a promising industry, has high priority. Threats faced are changes in consumer tastes and business competition. The role and implications of Balinese women working in the Spa industry (a) economic implications of Balinese women being able to help families to increase family income. (b) The social implications of Balinese women being able to improve their social status themselves and their families. (c) cultural implications of Balinese women being able to preserve their culture. +
The area of Nyambu and Baru Marga Village, Tabanan Regency is very potential to be developed. This village has interesting natural characteristics, unique social and cultural life. In its development, it is necessary to pay attention to the existence of the millennial generation where currently tourism travel is dominated by millennials and grows in a digital environment. This research is a descriptive qualitative research and quantitative descriptive. Qualitative research is used to determine the role of the millennial generation in developing tourist villages. Quantitative research is conducted to determine the characteristics and motivation of millennial tourists by using frequency analysis. This study used 100 respondents who represented the characteristics and motivations of millennial tourists in Bali as well as semi-structured interviews with 6 people who needed to be known. The results of this study indicate that the age group between 20-25, totaling 75 people, is a potential market in promoting and introducing more about Nyambu and Baru Marga tourism villages. The highest number of millennial tourists visiting tourist villages is from the type of work as students as much as 46%. It is known that the majority of tourists visiting tourist villages are male with a percentage of 54%. Motivation is a determining factor for millennial tourists to take a tour of the survey results of 100 respondents, 76% stated that visiting the tourist village of Nyambu and Desa Baru Marga Tabanan because of natural attractions. +
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Language is a resource capable of exposing a cultural mystery and cultural can only be expressed in language. Balinese language and culture is a mirror of its speakers. The language and culture of “memasak” or ‘cooking’ in Balinese society has its own meaning which can be expressed through the study of Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM). The NSM theory is designed to exploit all meanings, both lexical, illocution, and grammatical meanings. “memasak” or ‘cooking’ in Balinese is included in the category of action and process. In the verb there is an uncompressed polysemic between DO and HAPPEN so the experiment has an exponent: “X does something on Y, and therefore something happens to Y”. The data is collected by involving the conversation method and observation and note taking techniques, there are 12 lexicons of data collected. Trough NSM approach, they applied to represent the semantic primitives. Based on the methods, instruments, and entities used in the verbs, lesksikon is divided into three group of instruments, namely (1) ‘cooking’ by water: nyakan, nepeng, ngukus, ngengseb, nglablab, ngnyatnyat (2) ‘cooking’ by fire: nunu, manggang, nambus, and nguling, (3) ‘cooking’ by oil and without oil: ngoreng and ngenyahnyah. All the lexicon that has the meaning of cooking on the pattern of NSM syntax: X doing something on Y and Y is cooked (well-done). +
Wayan lives in a Bali Aga village..... +
The number of Balinese women taking tourism education at various levels appears to be increasing in line with the development of tourism education institutions and the tourism industry in Bali. This article analyzes the motivation of Balinese women in pursuing higher education in tourism, starting from the Bachelor level to the doctoral program. By applying a qualitative method, this article collects data through interviews with 30 Balinese women who have taken tourism education at various levels. The results show that Balinese women are motivated to take tourism education
for several reasons, including the motivation to get a job in the tourism sector, they have families who work in the tourism sector, and they live in Bali which has more job opportunities in the tourism sector. By taking tourism education, Balinese women who were informants in this study proved that they had found better jobs and career opportunities in the tourism industry. Their experiences have also become a source of inspiration for other Balinese women to take the same career path. +
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Water plays an important role in Balinese society. Not only is it commonly featured in Balinese Hindu rituals, but its use and management also enables prosperity through rice cultivation. While these aspects of water have been discussed in many academic and non-academic publications, qualitative understandings of relations to seawater remain somewhat unexplored in the literature. The aim of this paper is to present a preliminary review of existing literature on water and marine environments in Bali, and argue the need for further qualitative social scientific understanding of contemporary Balinese relations to seawater. A discussion of existing research on ocean-centred communities and continued tourism development in Bali’s coastal areas is intended to add to current research in Balinese studies. By presenting literature on Balinese concepts of environment, water and the ocean, this paper seeks to highlight the benefits of continued research on perceptions of environment to discussions of pollution, water scarcity and resource management. Although maritime attractions such as the temples at Tanah Lot and Uluwatu as well as several popular beach communities play a significant role in the tourism industry, this paper suggests the need to further investigate the importance of these attractions to tourists and Balinese as well as the social interpretations associated with them. +
Awareness of the meaning of the essence of Tri Pramana where human existence in the world actually has the same place and position. Even though in this birth there are limitations and differences between them, all will experience death and continue the next life until moksha is achieved. Each individual still has advantages and disadvantages that can complement each other for current life. +
An Anthology World Without Sound, was responded by several artists & writers who share the same vision to awaken our sensitivity in understanding, exploring, and making sense of the reality of world without sound, and distribute the message to the public from different perspectives.
Behind The Artwork :
Butterflies need natural resources, such as plants and flowers, for food and places to lay their eggs. Butterflies do not like urban noise, such as vehicles, construction and other human activities can annoy butterflies and affect their behavior. Butterflies rely heavily on their visual perception and olfactory abilities, which are important in finding food and mates. Noise can interfere with the ability of butterflies to communicate and pay attention to their surroundings. In addition, constant noise can cause stress and anxiety in butterflies. Therefore, butterflies prefer a calm, peaceful environment and clean air.
Reflection :
"The instinct to seek peace and happiness is the reference for every human being's life. The butterfly philosophy teaches humans to be more flexible, open, courageous, patient, and respect differences. This is a useful lesson for human life in various aspects of life." +
In this series ‘Rejang, a Beautiful Reminder of Impermanence’, the themes of beauty, impermanence and time are explored. Tjandra Hutama has won many awards in photography competitions. It is the saturation of pictorial beauty that he encountered throughout those years that prompted this need to reflect something deeper about our perception of beauty. To remind us of its impermanence and of its limitations.
Physical beauty that is subject to decay and deconstruction is merged with representations of the spiritual and sacred. Elements that are timeless and infinite. Within the layers of Rejang images, the beauty of the dancers is merged with the textures of broken-down buildings, decaying walls, brittle wood, leaves, rust, ash and dust. Despite this, what we see is still beautiful. These textures that are introduced into the work represent the five elements known as Panca Maha-Bhuta. The elements that are the basis of all cosmic creation as believed in Hinduism. +
Rejang is a sacred Balinese dance, a sacrificial dance in which the girls symbolically offer themselves to the gods. It is held in the Hindu Temples of Klungkung Regency and Karangasem Regency in Bali, Indonesia. ‘Rejang’ means ‘offering’. This dance is performed to greet the gods that descend to the Earth.
In this series ‘Rejang, a Beautiful Reminder of Impermanence’, the themes of beauty, impermanence and time are explored. Tjandra Hutama has won many awards in photography competitions. It is the saturation of pictorial beauty that he encountered throughout those years that prompted this need to reflect something deeper about our perception of beauty. To remind us of its impermanence and of its limitations.
(Read full article at Sawidji Gallery reference cited) +
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Nieuwenkamp joined the army troops at the time of the puputan in 1906. He recorded in sketches and writing. +
Nieuwenkamp joined the army troops at the time of the puputan in 1906. He recorded in sketches and writing. +
On the side of the main shrine is a depiction of a westerner riding a bicycle. The relief is a depiction of Dutch artist W.O.J. Nieuwenkamp who explored Bali with his bicycle in 1904. The man on a bicycle relief is not in its original condition as it was badly damaged in the 1917 earthquake and was altered during the restoration process. The restoration adds more floral decoration in the original bas-relief. +
Bisikan Pada Awan. by Wayan Suastama. Original artwork, acrylic on canvas. Exhibited in ‘World Without Sound, an Anthology’ at Sawidji Gallery April – May 2023.
About the artist Wayan Suastama.
‘Bisikan Pada Awan’ translates as ‘Whispers to the Clouds’ is a new work by Wayan Suastama. Since 1995 he has exhibited his works in joint and solo exhibitions, both at home and abroad. Suastamas’ works often feature female figures, a wide range of colours and textures, as a symbol of the regenerative and creative force. His new series which includes ‘Whispers to the Clouds,’ explores in detail the philosophical theme of ‘upstream and downstream’ in our relationship to the balance in Nature.
“In the quiet, these are the moments we can reflect. As a person who loves nature, I think of these whispers in Nature. When there is a change in the seasons.. the clouds still are messengers.. without language or words the clouds are messengers of nature that tell us that it is going to rain. The World Without Sound is perhaps where we see Nature’s language more clearly. It brings us back to our true selves. +
