Galungan (Buda Kliwon Dungulan)

Holiday or Ceremony

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Book Bali Sekala and Niskala - Essays on Religion
Ritual and Art

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Pawukon:
Buda
Kliwon
Dungulan
Sasih

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Information about Holiday or Ceremony

Galungan

Where did this ceremony take place:

Place Kintamani

In English

Galungan is derived from an old Javanese root adjective ‘galung’ which means ‘victorious’. So, ‘galungan’ means ‘victory’. This colorful holiday falls on Wednesday Kliwon of Dungulan week, once every 210 days according to wuku calendar. Galungan has a philosophy of victory over evils. A day prior to Galungan is called Penampahan. On Penampahan day, the Balinese are busy preparing many kinds of delicious and fragrant offerings for the next day. Some people prepare banten (offerings made of coconut leaves and flowers) and some others prepare the meals. A day after Galungan is called Umanis Galungan. People commonly go on all-day vacation with their families and relatives. Galungan is a major holiday in Bali, just like Nyepi. The celebration of Galungan began in the 13th century when Bali was ruled by King Jayapangus of Warmadewa dynasty. Jayapangus administered wuku calendar system repeated every 210 days, adopting seasonal calendar in Java. This wuku calendar is entirely based on day counting, unlike lunar or solar ones. King Jayapangus adopted this system because at that time the Balinese people harvested their crops twice a year. So, Galungan is a moment of being grateful of the Lord’s mercy to human beings.

In Balinese

Galungan mawit saking kruna galung ring basa Jawi purwa sane mateges jaya . Dadosne, galungan maarti kajayaan . Rahina suci sane kaebekin warna puniki rauh nyabran Buda kliwon wuku Dungulan, mewali kaping 210 rahina sapisan manut wuku. Galungan mapiteges rahina kajayan dharma saking adharma. Arahina sadurung Galungan kabaos Penampahan. Ring rahina Penampahan, krama Baline metaki-taki jaga maaturan benjangnyane. Wenten sane makarya banten, wenten taler sane ngeracik ajeng-ajengan. Arahina sawusan Galungan kabaos Umanis Galungan. Lumrahnyane para janane maplesiran sareng kulawarga lan sameton.

Galungan dados rahina prai paling suwe ring Bali lianan saking Nyepi. Sujatine, rahina Galungan mawit ring abad telu welas, daweg Ida Prabu Jayapangus saking lalintihan Warmadewa madeg nata ring gumi Bali. Jayapangus ngamedalang perarem pinanggal manut wuku sane mawali nyabran 210 rahina, nganutin polah pinanggalan Jawi sane manut masa. Pinanggalan manut wuku puniki purna anut ring ketekan rahina, nenten madasar pamargin wulan utawi surya. Sang Prabu Jayapangus ngamargiang pararem puniki duaning masan manyi ring Bali kalaksanayang ping kalih sabilang warsa. Duaning asapunika, rahina Galungan ping kalih awarsa dados rahina panyuksmaning manah i manusa antuk merta pasuwecan Ida Hyang Widhi.

In Indonesian

Galungan berasal dari kata ‘galung’ dalam bahasa Jawa kuno yang berarti ‘menang’. Jadi, ‘galungan’ berarti ‘kemenangan’. Hari suci yang penuh warna ini jatuh pada hari rabu kliwon wuku Dungulan, setiap 210 hari sekali menurut perhitungan kalender wuku. Galungan bermakna hari kemenangan tehadap sifat-sifat jahat. Sehari sebelum Galungan disebut Penampahan. Pada hari Penampahan, warga Bali mempersiapkan persembahan untuk keesokan harinya. Ada yang menyiapkan banten, ada pula yang menyiapkan makanan. Sehari setelah Galungan dinamakan Umanis Galungan. Biasanya, orang-orang pergi berlibur bersama keluarga dan kerabat. Hari raya Galungan adalah hari libur utama di Bali selain Nyepi. Perayaan Galungan dimulai pada abad ketiga belas, saat Bali diperintah oleh Raja Jayapangus dari dinasti Warmadewa. Jayapangus memberlakukan sistem penanggalan wuku yang berulang setiap 210 hari sekali, mengadaptasi sistem kalender musiman Jawa. Kalender wuku ini mutlak berpatokan pada hitungan hari, bukan peredaran bulan atau matahari. Raja Jayapangus memberlakukan sistem ini karena pada masa itu masyarakat Bali melangsungkan panen padi dua kali setahun. Hari raya Galungan dua kali setahun ini adalah ungkapan syukur kepada Tuhan atas semua berkah yang Dia berikan kepada manusia.

Bali Bersejarah

https://www.kintamani.id/perayaan-hari-raya-galungan-mengulik-sisi-religius-warga-hindu-bali-003329.html

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Cycles within Cycles

In English

"Like Christmas, the real origins of Galungan and Kuningan in Bali have become shrouded in a bright and colorful blanket woven of myth, selected strands of history, and recently, specifically in the Balinese case, a few threads of the now popular Indian-ization added to the so-called (since the 1950s) Hindu Bali religion. For the soundbite junkies, we could just say it is the time that the divine descends upon the island and blesses it and its people.

In what could be a religious parallel, Christmas was ostensibly a Roman pagan rite (Saturnalia) that marked the winter solstice and then became subsumed by Christianity around the 4th century in a calculated move to bring in pagans to the church. Similarly, in some instances Galungan has been politicized by weaving in sectarian myths surrounding defeat of the King Maya Denawa of Balingkang near Kintamani. It is touted as the “triumph of good over evil”. Even today, despite the fact that various Balinese experts have already debunked this subsumption of Galungan (one Balinese Pedanda high priest I know simply snorted: “Politics” when I brought up the subject of Maya Denawa), the myth has stuck in various tourist brochures and supposedly “informative” blogs. And like Christmas, there are aspects of Galungan which are becoming somewhat commercial.

Though it might not be possible to precisely pinpoint the actual origin, there are a couple of obvious things which we can verify about Galungan, which differ from the solar season aspect of Christmas. It falls on the pawukon calendar, the ‘calendar of weeks’ consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10 day weeks. Some of these weeks are more important in practical life than others. For example the 3, 5,7 day weeks regulate much of the ritual activity surrounding farming, markets, and yes magic. The 7 day weeks (wuku) are dominant in this calendar, there are 30 of them altogether, each with its own name."

Read the full piece at http://ubudnowandthen.com/galungan-kuningan-cycles-within-cycles/?fbclid=IwAR2gKeiNM2IfJZd-QqdmTyOwL6euQPcmyzk8XvTMdwhj8fZOzCNwfR_zDHA

In Balinese

In Indonesian

⏤

Rio Helmi

Property "Holiday information text" (as page type) with input value ""Like Christmas, the real origins of Galungan and Kuningan in Bali have become shrouded in a bright and colorful blanket woven of myth, selected strands of history, and recently, specifically in the Balinese case, a few threads of the now popular Indian-ization added to the so-called (since the 1950s) Hindu Bali religion. For the soundbite junkies, we could just say it is the time that the divine descends upon the island and blesses it and its people.In what could be a religious parallel, Christmas was ostensibly a Roman pagan rite (Saturnalia) that marked the winter solstice and then became subsumed by Christianity around the 4th century in a calculated move to bring in pagans to the church. Similarly, in some instances Galungan has been politicized by weaving in sectarian myths surrounding defeat of the King Maya Denawa of Balingkang near Kintamani. It is touted as the “triumph of good over evil”. Even today, despite the fact that various Balinese experts have already debunked this subsumption of Galungan (one Balinese Pedanda high priest I know simply snorted: “Politics” when I brought up the subject of Maya Denawa), the myth has stuck in various tourist brochures and supposedly “informative” blogs. And like Christmas, there are aspects of Galungan which are becoming somewhat commercial.Though it might not be possible to precisely pinpoint the actual origin, there are a couple of obvious things which we can verify about Galungan, which differ from the solar season aspect of Christmas. It falls on the pawukon calendar, the ‘calendar of weeks’ consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10 day weeks. Some of these weeks are more important in practical life than others. For example the 3, 5,7 day weeks regulate much of the ritual activity surrounding farming, markets, and yes magic. The 7 day weeks (wuku) are dominant in this calendar, there are 30 of them altogether, each with its own name."Read the full piece at http://ubudnowandthen.com/galungan-kuningan-cycles-within-cycles/?fbclid=IwAR2gKeiNM2IfJZd-QqdmTyOwL6euQPcmyzk8XvTMdwhj8fZOzCNwfR_zDHA" contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.