Bhomantaka (Bhomakawya)

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Bhauma.jpg
Title of Work
Bhomantaka (Bhomakawya)
Type
⧼IdentificationMap-Kakawin⧽
Photo Reference
Location
Kadiri
Credit
Anonim
Reference
https://dewiedena.wordpress.com/2014/01/07/163/
Background information


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    Summary


    In English

    Bhomantaka is also known as Bhomakawya, the oldest and the longest kakawin compilation in the history of old Javanese literature. Consisting of 1,492 verss, this kakawin narrates around the battle between Lord Krishna and Bhaumasura, or the demon Bhoma. The original historical account about this war is narrated in Bhagawata Purana, and said to happen 50 centuries ago in north India. There are some parts of this kakawin which are quite different from the original account, perhaps because of innacuracy of translation.

    A demon named Naraka has a vast territory along the southern side of Himalayan mountain, starting from Manipura to Iran. This wide empire is known as Pragjyotisa. Naraka has a son named Bhauma and both were killed by Lord Krishna by using His magnanimous Sudarsana Cakra weapon.

    It seems that Pragjyotisa is a very old kingdom. Its name is mentioned in Ramayana and Mahabharata, as well as other Puranic scriptures. Kakawin Bhomantaka is an evidence that the level of literacy in old Javanese period was quite high, especially during Airlangga’s reign.

    In Balinese

    Bhomantaka taler kawastanin Bhomakawya, inggih punika silih sinunggil kakawin pinih purwa lan pinih dawa ring sejarah kasusastraan Jawi purwa. Winangun antuk 1.492 pada, kakawin puniki nyaritayang indik payudan Ida Bhatara Krishna ngalawan Bhaumasura, utawi Bhoma. Lalintihan sejarah asli indik payudan puniki wenten ring Cakepan Suci Weda Bhagawata Purana, tur kabawos wetu sawetara 50 satawarsa sane sampun lintang ring India kaja. Wenten akudang pahpahan kakawin puniki sane malianan saking sejarah asline, minab duaning salin-basa sane nenten cepil. Wenten kacaritayang asura maparab Naraka, maduwe wewengkon kadatuan linggah pisan ring sisi kelod Himalayane, mawit saking Manipura nyantos Iran. Kadatuan puniki kasengguh Pragjyotisa. Naraka maduwe putra asiki, maparab Bhoma. Kakalihe pamuputne kasedayang olih Ida Bhatara Krishna antuk Cakra Sudarsanan Ida sane agung. Pragjyotisa katonnyane inggih punika kadatuan sane sampun mayusa purwa. Wastan kadatuan puniki kasurat ring Ramayana, Mahabharata lan cakepan-cakepan Purana tiosan. Kawentenan Kakawin Bhomantaka puniki ngayuktiang indike kawentenan kasusastraan ring krama Jawi purwa sampun luhur, utamannyane ring masa kaprabon Ida Sang Prabu Airlangga.

    In Indonesian

    Bhomantaka disebut juga Bhomakawya, sebuah kakawin tertua dan terpanjang dalam sejarah kesusastraan Jawa kuno. Terdiri atas 1.492 bait, kakawin ini mengisahkan peperangan Sri Krishna dengan Bhaumasura, atau Bhoma. Sejarah asli mengenai peperangan ini ada dalam Kitab Suci Weda Bhagawata Purana, dan tercatat terjadi 50 abad silam di India utara. Ada beberapa bagian kakawin ini yang berbeda dengan kisah sejarah aslinya, mungkin karena faktor akurasi penerjemahan.

    Seorang asura bernama Naraka memiliki kerajaan luas di sepanjang sisi selatan Himalaya, mulai dari wilayah Manipura hingga Iran. Kerajaan ini dikenal sebagai Pragjyotisa. Naraka memiliki seorang anak bernama Bhauma. Keduanya akhirnya dibunuh oleh Sri Krishna dengan menggunakan senjata Cakra Sudarsana-Nya yang agung.

    Tampaknya, Pragjyotisa adalah sebuah kerajaan tua. Nama kerajaan ini disebut dalam Ramayana dan Mahabharata, serta kitab-kitab Purana lainnya. Adanya Kakawin Bhomantaka membuktikan bahwa tingkat kesusastraan masyarakat Jawa kuno sudah tergolong tinggi pada zaman Airlangga.

    Text Excerpt


    Bahasa Kawi/Kuno

    (17.6) hana laki tatwanikang dadi ginaway anitya dadinya kabèh

    anili-anilih wişaya ng manemu sukha bhinukti mawèh prihati prawalanikā sang angenak-inaki ng anilih sukha mogha jenek

    sang anemu bhoga ta yan wruha ta sira pinan.d.ita yogya tirun

    In English

    My dear son, the essence of life is that everything is mortal. If one still desires to enjoy sensual pleasure as the goal of one’s life, the enjoyment will bring misery. The symptom of one whose mind is steady is that he accepts happiness (and distress) equally. When happiness abandons him, he will feel sorrowful if he does not learn the knowledge of detachment.

    In Balinese

    Duh putran bapa, unteng idupe wantah parindikan makejang tusing ja langgeng. I manusa, yaning ipun bengkung ngambil pamargi ngulurin indriya pinaka tatujon idupne, sami pacang dados lara. Caciren anak sane manahnyane sampun tegteg inggih punika ipun nerima suka lan duka malarapan antuk pangaptian manah sane pateh. Ritatkala sukane matilar saking ipun, ipun pastika pacang sebet duaning ipun nenten malajahin indik katyagan.

    In Indonesian

    Wahai anakku, intisari kehidupan ialah bahwa semuanya adalah tidak kekal (anitya). Jika seseorang tetap mengambil kenikmatan indria sebagai tujuannya, maka hal yang telah dinikmati akan membawa kesedihan. Tanda seseorang yang secara tenang menerima pengalaman sukacita ialah bahwa ia melakukannya dengan seimbang, tetapi ketika kesenangan pergi darinya, dia akan merasa sedih karena dia tidak mempelajari cara melepaskan ikatan.

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