Prasasti Bwahan

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Prasasti Bwahan
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    Summary


    In English

    The Bwahan inscription is a collection of 23 inscriptions which are grouped into five groups, namely the Bwahan inscription A, B, C, D and E (Setiawan, 2017). The basis of this classification is the difference in the year the inscription was issued and the king who ruled at that time. So, the Bwahan inscription is a collection of copper inscriptions from five different periods between 994 AD to 1181 AD.

    Bwahan (now Buahan) is one of five villages located in the “karaman i wingkang ranu”, or villages on the shores of Lake Batur. These five ancient villages are Buahan (Bwahan), Songan, Kedisan, Trunyan and Abang (Air Hawang). In ancient Bali, these villages existed and most of their names are still unchanged today.

    The Bwahan A inscription was issued by King Udayana and his empress in 994 AD, containing the king's decision to administratively separate Bwahan and Kedisan villages so that Bwahan was no longer obliged to pay taxes to his parent village, namely Kedisan.

    The Bwahan B inscription dates to 1025 AD and was issued by King Marakata Pankaja, the younger brother of King Udayana. It contains the king's decision to allow the Bwahan people to buy the king's hunting forest area with an area of 990,000 fathom square in addition to the Bwahan area for an equal price to “10 masoka and 10 pilih”.

    The Bwahan C inscription was issued in 1146 AD by King Jayasakti which contained requests from the residents of Bwahan, Kedisan and Air Hawang for the king to re-establish taxable commodities, because there was a dispute between the residents and the caksu (tax collectors).

    The Bwahan D inscription was issued by King Jayapangus in 1181 AD, containing the king's decision to reduce the tax burden on the residents of Bwahan because they experienced many tax pressures in March and December.

    The Bwahan E inscription was issued in 1181 by King Jayapangus which contained a reduction in the tax burden. It seems that this inscription is a continuation of the dispute listed on the Bwahan D Inscription.

    In Balinese

    Prasasti Bwahan inggih punika pupulan 23 lempengan prasasti sane kabantih antuk limang kelompok inggih punika Prasasti Bwahan A, B, C, D dan E Setiawan, 2017 . Dasar bantihan punika wantah warsa daweg prasasti punika kawedar miwah raja sane madeg nata daweg punika. Dadosne, Prasasti Bwahan inggih punika pupulan prasasti temaga saking limang masa sane malianan ngawit warsa 994 Masehi nyantos 1181 Masehi.

    Bwahan mangkin Buahan inggih punika silih tunggil saking limang desa sane ngranjing ring kelompok karaman i wingkang ranu, utawi desa-desa sane wenten ring wewengkon pasisi Danu Batur. Makalima desa lawas puniki inggih punika Buahan Bwahan , Songan, Kedisan, Trunyan miwah Abang Air Hawang . Duk masan Bali Purwa, desa-desa puniki sampun wenten tur akehan aranipun kantun kaanggen nyantos mangkin.

    Prasasti Bwahan A kawedar olih Raja Udayana kalih rabinida duk warsa 994 Masehi, madaging kaputusan raja malasang Desa Bwahan miwah Kedisan dados kalih wewengkon manut administrasi sane malianan. Nika mawinan Bwahan nenten malih keni amongan naur pajeg ring desa Kedisan pinaka desa panegehipun kadi dumunan.

    Prasasti Bwahan B kawedar duk warsa 1025 Masehi olih Raja Marakata Pankaja, arinida Raja Udayana. Dagingnyane inggih punika kaputusan raja sane nglugrayang wargi Bwahan numbas wewidangan alas paburon duen raja sane jimbarnyane 11.000 X 90 depa ring samping wewengkon Bwahan antuk pangargan 10 Masoka dan 10 pilih.

    Prasasti Bwahan C kametuang duk 1146 Masehi olih Raja Jayasakti sane madaging pinunas para wargi Bwahan, Kedisan miwah Air Hawang mangda raja malih netepang napi-napi sane keni pajeg, riantukan wenten salah tampi majeng ring para wargine lan para caksu pegawe panuduk pajeg .

    Prasasti Bwahan D kawedar olih Raja Jayapangus duk warsa 1181 Masehi, madaging kaputusan raja ngirangin amongan pajeg wargi Bwahan duaning akeh anake irika tan prasida naur pajeg sane akeh ring wulan Caitra Maret miwah Margasira Desember .

    Prasasti Bwahan E kawedar duk warsa 1181 olih Raja Jayapangus sane taler madaging pangirangan amongan pajeg. Minab prasasti puniki pinaka lanturan patungkas wargi sane kasurat ring Prasasti Bwahan D.

    In Indonesian

    Prasasti Bwahan adalah kumpulan 23 keping prasasti yang dikelompokkan ke dalam lima kelompok yakni Prasasti Bwahan A, B, C, D dan E (Setiawan, 2017). Dasar pengelompokan tersebut adalah perbedaan tahun dikeluarkannya prasasti dan raja yang memerintah pada masa itu. Jadi, Prasasti Bwahan adalah kumpulan prasasti tembaga dari lima masa yang berbeda antara tahun 994 Masehi hingga 1181 Masehi.

    Bwahan (kini Buahan) adalah salah satu dari lima desa yang termasuk dalam karaman i wingkang ranu, atau desa-desa yang ada di tepi Danau Batur. Kelima desa kuno ini adalah Buahan (Bwahan), Songan, Kedisan, Trunyan dan Abang (Air Hawang). Pada masa Bali Kuno, desa-desa ini telah ada dan kebanyakan namanya masih bertahan hingga kini.

    Prasasti Bwahan A dikeluarkan oleh Raja Udayana dan permaisurinya pada tahun 994 Masehi, berisikan keputusan raja untuk memisahkan Desa Bwahan dan Kedisan secara administratif sehingga Bwahan tidak lagi wajib membayar pajak kepada desa induknya, yaitu Kedisan.

    Prasasti Bwahan B berangka tahun 1025 Masehi dan dikeluarkan oleh Raja Marakata Pankaja, adik Raja Udayana. Isinya adalah keputusan raja yang mengizinkan masyarakat Bwahan untuk membeli hutan daerah perburuan milik raja dengan luas 990.000 depa di samping wilayah Bwahan dengan harga 10 Masoka dan 10 pilih.

    Prasasti Bwahan C dikeluarkan pada tahun 1146 Masehi oleh Raja Jayasakti yang berisikan permohonan para penduduk Bwahan, Kedisan dan Air Hawang agar raja menetapkan kembali komoditas yang dikenai pajak, sebab terjadi perselisihan antara penduduk dengan para caksu (pegawai pemungut pajak).

    Prasasti Bwahan D dikeluarkan oleh Raja Jayapangus pada tahun 1181 Masehi, berisikan keputusan raja untuk mengurangi beban pajak penduduk Bwahan karena banyak mengalami tekanan pajak pada bulan Maret dan Desember.

    Prasasti Bwahan E dikeluarkan pada tahun 1181 oleh Raja Jayapangus yang berisi pengurangan beban pajak. Tampaknya prasasti ini adalah lanjutan dari sengketa yang tercantum pada Prasasti Bwahan D.

    Text Excerpt


    Bahasa Kawi/Kuno

    Prasasti Bwahan A “kunang sangka ri hyun ikang karaman i wingkang ranu bwahan sumehakna saritenya maryya salapkna mwang ikang karaman i wingkang ranu kedisan, yathanyan sutantra i kawakanya, matangyan panambah ikang karaman i wingkang ranu bwahan i haji sajalu-stri, manghyang anugraha aminta prasasti...” [Goris, 1954: 83]

    In English

    BWAHAN INSCRIPTION A

    Due to the desire of the residents of the lake-shore village of Bwahan to separate themselves administratively from the the lake-shore village of Kedisan, so that they could be independent. Because of that, the residents came before the king and his consort to request an inscription...

    [translated by expert]

    In Balinese

    PRASASTI BWAHAN A Duaning pinunas para wargi karaman ring pasisi danu Bwahan pacang malasang dewek miwah wusan dados asiki sareng wargi pasisi danu Kedisan, mangda ipun palas tur mamargi suang-suang. Nika mawinan, para wargine rauh tangkil ring raja miwah rabinida mapinunas prasasti...

    kasalin basa olih ahli

    In Indonesian

    PRASASTI BWAHAN A

    Karena keinginan para warga karaman tepi danau Bwahan memisahkan diri dan berhenti bergabung secara musyawarah dengan karaman tepi danau Kedisan, supaya mereka bebas berdikari, karena itu para warga datang ke hadapan raja suami-istri agar dibuatkan prasasti...

    [diterjemahkan oleh ahli]

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